Outcomes of patients in nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma in the IMRT era: a single-center experience.

OBJECTIVE: Nasopharyngeal adenoid cystic carcinoma (NACC) is a rare malignancy with special biological features. Controversies exist regarding the treatment approach and prognostic factors in the IMRT era. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes and management approaches in NACC. METHODS: Fifty patients with NACC at our institution between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. Sixteen patients received primary radiotherapy (RT), and 34 patients underwent primary surgery. RESULTS: Between January 2010 and October 2020, a total of 50 patients with pathologically proven NACC were included in our analysis. The median follow-up time was 58.5 months (range: 6.0-151.0 months). The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) and progression-free survival rate (PFS) were 83.9% and 67.5%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates of patients whose primary treatment was surgery and RT were 90.0% and 67.3%, respectively (log-rank P = 0.028). The 5-year PFS rates of patients whose primary treatment was surgery or RT were 80.8% and 40.7%, respectively (log-rank P = 0.024). Multivariate analyses showed that nerve invasion and the pattern of primary treatment were independent factors associated with PFS. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the relative insensitivity to radiation, primary surgery seemed to provide a better chance of disease control and improved survival in NACC. Meanwhile, postoperative radiotherapy should be performed for advanced stage or residual tumours. Cranial nerve invasion and treatment pattern might be important factors affecting the prognosis of patients with NACC.

Nanoscale doping of polymeric semiconductors with confined electrochemical ion implantation.

Nanoresolved doping of polymeric semiconductors can overcome scaling limitations to create highly integrated flexible electronics, but remains a fundamental challenge due to isotropic diffusion of the dopants. Here we report a general methodology for achieving nanoscale ion-implantation-like electrochemical doping of polymeric semiconductors. This approach involves confining counterion electromigration within a glassy electrolyte composed of room-temperature ionic liquids and high-glass-transition-temperature insulating polymers. By precisely adjusting the electrolyte glass transition temperature (Tg) and the operating temperature (T), we create a highly localized electric field distribution and achieve anisotropic ion migration that is nearly vertical to the nanotip electrodes. The confined doping produces an excellent resolution of 56 nm with a lateral-extended doping length down to as little as 9.3 nm. We reveal a universal exponential dependence of the doping resolution on the temperature difference (Tg - T) that can be used to depict the doping resolution for almost infinite polymeric semiconductors. Moreover, we demonstrate its implications in a range of polymer electronic devices, including a 200% performance-enhanced organic transistor and a lateral p-n diode with seamless junction widths of <100 nm. Combined with a further demonstration in the scalability of the nanoscale doping, this concept may open up new opportunities for polymer-based nanoelectronics.

Specificity and mechanism of TonB-dependent ferric catecholate uptake by Fiu.

We studied the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein Fiu, a presumed transporter of monomeric ferric catecholates, by introducing Cys residues in its surface loops and modifying them with fluorescein maleimide (FM). Fiu-FM bound iron complexes of the tricatecholate siderophore enterobactin (FeEnt) and glucosylated enterobactin (FeGEnt), their dicatecholate degradation product Fe(DHBS)2 (FeEnt*), the monocatecholates dihydroxybenzoic acid (FeDHBA) and dihydroxybenzoyl serine (FeDHBS), and the siderophore antibiotics cefiderocol (FDC) and MB-1. Unlike high-affinity ligand-gated porins (LGPs), Fiu-FM had only micromolar affinity for iron complexes. Its apparent KD values for FeDHBS, FeDHBA, FeEnt*, FeEnt, FeGEnt, FeFDC, and FeMB-1 were 0.1, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0, 0.3, 0.4, and 4 µM, respectively. Despite its broad binding abilities, the transport repertoires of E. coli Fiu, as well as those of Cir and FepA, were less broad. Fiu only transported FeEnt*. Cir transported FeEnt* and FeDHBS (weakly); FepA transported FeEnt, FeEnt*, and FeDHBA. Both Cir and FepA bound FeGEnt, albeit with lower affinity. Related transporters of Acinetobacter baumannii (PiuA, PirA, BauA) had similarly moderate affinity and broad specificity for di- or monomeric ferric catecholates. Both microbiological and radioisotopic experiments showed Fiu's exclusive transport of FeEnt*, rather than ferric monocatecholate compounds. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations predicted three binding sites for FeEnt*in the external vestibule of Fiu, and a fourth site deeper in its interior. Alanine scanning mutagenesis in the outermost sites (1a, 1b, and 2) decreased FeEnt* binding affinity as much as 20-fold and reduced or eliminated FeEnt* uptake. Finally, the molecular dynamics simulations suggested a pathway of FeEnt* movement through Fiu that may generally describe the process of metal transport by TonB-dependent receptors.

Self-condensation-assisted chemical vapour deposition growth of atomically two-dimensional MOF single-crystals.

Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have a wide variety of applications in molecular separation and other emerging technologies, including atomically thin electronics. However, due to the inherent fragility and strong interlayer interactions, high-quality MOF crystals of atomic thickness, especially isolated MOF crystal monolayers, have not been easy to prepare. Here, we report the self-condensation-assisted chemical vapour deposition growth of atomically thin MOF single-crystals, yielding monolayer single-crystals of poly[Fe(benzimidazole)2] up to 62 µm in grain sizes. By using transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution atomic force microscopy, high crystallinity and atomic-scale single-crystal structure are verified in the atomically MOF flakes. Moreover, integrating such MOFs with MoS2 to construct ultrathin van der Waals heterostructures is achieved by direct growth of atomically MOF single-crystals onto monolayer MoS2, and enables a highly selective ammonia sensing. These demonstrations signify the great potential of the method in facilitating the development of the fabrication and application of atomically thin MOF crystals.

Low Contact Resistance Organic Single-Crystal Transistors with Band-Like Transport Based on 2,6-Bis-Phenylethynyl-Anthracene.

Contact resistance has become one of the main bottlenecks that hinder further improvement of mobility and integration density of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Much progress has been made in reducing contact resistance by modifying the electrode/semiconductor interface and decreasing the crystal thickness, however, the development of new organic semiconductor materials with low contact resistance still faces many challenges. Here, 2,6-bis-phenylethynyl-anthracene (BPEA) is found, which is a material that combines high mobility with low contact resistance. Single-crystal BEPA OFETs with a thickness of ≈20 nm demonstrated high mobility of 4.52 cm2  V-1  s-1 , contact resistance as low as 335 Ω cm, and band-like charge transport behavior. The calculated compatibility of the EHOMO of BPEA with the work function of the Au electrode, and the decreased |EHOMO -ΦAu | with the increase of external electric field intensity from source to gate both contributed to the efficient charge injection and small contact resistance. More intriguingly, p-type BPEA as a buffer layer can effectively reduce the contact resistance, improve the mobility, and meanwhile inhibit the double-slope electrical behavior of p-channel 2,6-diphenyl anthracene (DPA) single-crystal OFETs.

Control of the Hydroquinone/Benzoquinone Redox State in High-Mobility Semiconducting Conjugated Coordination Polymers.

Conjugated coordination polymers (c-CPs) are unique organic-inorganic hybrid semiconductors with intrinsically high electrical conductivity and excellent charge carrier mobility. However, it remains a challenge in tailoring electronic structures, due to the lack of clear guidelines. Here, we develop a strategy wherein controlling the redox state of hydroquinone/benzoquinone (HQ/BQ) ligands allows for the modulation of the electronic structure of c-CPs while maintaining the structural topology. The redox-state control is achieved by reacting the ligand TTHQ (TTHQ=1,2,4,5-tetrathiolhydroquinone) with silver acetate and silver nitrate, yielding Ag4TTHQ and Ag4TTBQ (TTBQ=1,2,4,5-tetrathiolbenzoquinone), respectively. In spite of sharing the same topology consisting of a two-dimensional Ag-S network and HQ/BQ layer, they exhibit different band gaps (1.5 eV for Ag4TTHQ and 0.5 eV for Ag4TTBQ) and conductivities (0.4 S/cm for Ag4TTHQ and 10 S/cm for Ag4TTBQ). DFT calculations reveal that these differences arise from the ligand oxidation state inhibiting energy band formation near the Fermi level in Ag4TTHQ. Consequently, Ag4TTHQ displays a high Seebeck coefficient of 330 µV/K and a power factor of 10 µW/m ⋅ K2, surpassing Ag4TTBQ and the other reported silver-based c-CPs. Furthermore, terahertz spectroscopy demonstrates high charge mobilities exceeding 130 cm2/V ⋅ s in both Ag4TTHQ and Ag4TTBQ.

Ultrahigh-gain organic transistors based on van der Waals metal-barrier interlayer-semiconductor junction.

Intrinsic gain is a vital figure of merit in transistors, closely related to signal amplification, operation voltage, power consumption, and circuit simplification. However, organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) targeted at high gain have suffered from challenges such as narrow subthreshold operating voltage, low-quality interface, and uncontrollable barrier. Here, we report a van der Waals metal-barrier interlayer-semiconductor junction-based OTFT, which shows ultrahigh performance including ultrahigh gain of ~104, low saturation voltage, negligible hysteresis, and good stability. The high-quality van der Waals-contacted junctions are mainly attributed to patterning EGaIn liquid metal electrodes by low-energy microfluidic processes. The wide-bandgap semiconductor Ga2O3 as barrier interlayer is achieved by in situ surface oxidation of EGaIn electrodes, allowing for an adjustable barrier height and expected thermionic emission properties. The organic inverters with a high gain of 5130 and a simplified current stabilizer are further demonstrated, paving a way for high-gain and low-power organic electronics.

Combination of Rivaroxaban and Amiodarone Increases Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Rivaroxaban and amiodarone are commonly used for treating patients with atrial fibrillation. Drug-drug interactions between rivaroxaban and amiodarone may increase exposure to rivaroxaban. However, the clinical relevance of this drug-drug interaction is still not clear. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the risk of bleeding in patients receiving a combination of rivaroxaban and amiodarone. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in which we included atrial fibrillation patients treated with rivaroxaban. The patients were divided into the rivaroxaban group and the combination of rivaroxaban and amiodarone group (the combination group). Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed to adjust between-group differences. The primary endpoint was defined as the time to the first occurrence of a composite of major, clinically relevant nonmajor, and minor bleeding. RESULTS: In total, 481 atrial fibrillation patients were included in the analysis. After PSM, 154 patients in the rivaroxaban group were matched with 154 patients in the combination group. The bleeding events mainly consisted of clinically relevant nonmajor and minor bleeding. Only one patient experienced major bleeding. The primary outcome was recorded in 26.0% of patients in the combination group and 10.4% of patients in the rivaroxaban group (hazard ratio = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.55-4.93, P < 0.001). The bleeding risk was significantly higher in the combination group compared with that in the rivaroxaban group in the IPTW and stabilized IPTW analyses (hazard ratio = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.32-3.56, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The combination of rivaroxaban and amiodarone increased the risk of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation, especially clinically relevant nonmajor and minor bleeding. Physicians prescribing rivaroxaban and amiodarone together should be concerned about an increase in the risk of nonmajor bleeding.

Dibenzothiophene Sulfone-Based Ambipolar-Transporting Blue-Emissive Organic Semiconductors Towards Simple-Structured Organic Light-Emitting Transistors.

The development of blue-emissive ambipolar organic semiconductor is an arduous target due to the large energy gap, but is an indispensable part for electroluminescent device, especially for the transformative display technology of simple-structured organic light-emitting transistor (SS-OLET). Herein, we designed and synthesized two new dibenzothiophene sulfone-based high mobility blue-emissive organic semiconductors (DNaDBSOs), which demonstrate superior optical property with solid-state photoluminescent quantum yield of 46-67 % and typical ambipolar-transporting properties in SS-OLETs with symmetric gold electrodes. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical characterizations reveal the natural of ambipolar property for such blue-emissive DNaDBSOs-based materials is ascribed to a synergistic effect on lowering LUMO level and reduced electron injection barrier induced by the interfacial dipoles effect on gold electrodes due to the incorporation of appropriate DBSO unit. Finally, efficient electroluminescence properties with high-quality blue emission (CIE (0.179, 0.119)) and a narrow full-width at half-maximum of 48 nm are achieved for DNaDBSO-based SS-OLET, showing good spatial control of the recombination zone in conducting channel. This work provides a new avenue for designing ambipolar emissive organic semiconductors by incorporating the synergistic effect of energy level regulation and molecular-metal interaction, which would advance the development of superior optoelectronic materials and their high-density integrated optoelectronic devices and circuits.

A Paramagnetic Compass Based on Lanthanide Metal-Organic Framework.

Macroscopic compass-like magnetic alignment at low magnetic fields is natural for ferromagnetic materials but is seldomly observed in paramagnetic materials. Herein, we report a "paramagnetic compass" that magnetically aligns under ∼mT fields based on the single-crystalline framework constructed by lanthanide ions and organic ligands (Ln-MOF). The magnetic alignment is attributed to the Ln-MOF's strong macroscopic anisotropy, where the highly-ordered structure allows the Ln-ions' molecular anisotropy to be summed according to the crystal symmetry. In tetragonal Ln-MOFs, the alignment is either parallel or perpendicular to the field depending on the easiest axis of the molecular anisotropy. Reversible switching between the two alignments is realized upon the removal and re-adsorption of solvent molecules filled in the framework. When the crystal symmetry is lowered in monoclinic Ln-MOFs, the alignments become even inclined (47°-66°) to the field. These fascinating properties of Ln-MOFs would encourage further explorations of framework materials containing paramagnetic centers.

Fluorenylidene-Cyclopentadithiophene Based Asymmetric Bistricyclic Aromatic Ene Compounds: Synthesis and Substituents Effects.

Low band gap materials have always been a focus of attention due to their potential applications in various fields. In this work, a series of asymmetric bistricyclic aromatic ene (BAE) compounds with fluorenylidene-cyclopentadithiophene (FYT) skeleton were facially synthesized, which were modified with different substituents (-OMe, -SMe). The FYT core exhibit twisted C=C bond with dihedral angles around 30°, and the introduction of -SMe group can provide additional S⋅⋅⋅S interaction between molecules, which is conducive to the charge transporting. The UV-Vis spectra, electrochemistry and photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that these compounds have relatively narrow band gaps, particularly, the -SMe modified compounds have slightly lower HOMO and Fermi energy levels than that of the -OMe modified compounds. Furthermore, PSCs devices were fabricated with the three compounds as HTMs, and FYT-DSDPA exhibit the best performance among them, revealing the fine-tuning band structure could influence properties of HTMs.

Comparing steamed and wine-stewed Rehmanniae Radix in terms of Yin-nourishing effects via metabolomics and microbiome analysis.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP), the processed root of Rehmannia glutinosa, has been widely used to treat Yin deficiency syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. RRP is available in two forms: processed by steaming with water (SRR) or processed by stewing with yellow rice wine (WRR). Previous work has documented chemical differences in the secondary metabolomes and glycomes of SRR and WRR. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to compare SRR and WRR in terms of Yin-nourishing effects via metabolomics and microbiome analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ICR mice were orally administered with thyroxine for 14 d to induce Yin deficiency. Changes in biochemical indices and histopathology were detected. Serum metabolomics analysis and microbial 16S rRNA sequencing were performed to compare the therapeutic effects and mechanisms between SRR and WRR in treating thyroxine-induced Yin deficiency. RESULTS: Both SRR and WRR decreased serum T3, T4 and MDA levels, and increased SOD activity. SRR more effectively decreased serum Cr, and ameliorated kidney injury, while WRR showed better regulation on ratio of cAMP/cGMP and serum TSH, and relieved thyroid injury. Both SRR and WRR regulated tyrosine, glycerophospholipid, and linoleic acid metabolism and the citric acid cycle. Additionally, SRR regulated fatty acid metabolism, while WRR influenced alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis. SRR significantly enriched the genera Staphylococcus and Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome, while WRR significantly enriched the genera Akkermansia, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides, and decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS: SRR displayed better protective effects on kidney, while WRR showed stronger effects on thyroid in thyroxine-induced Yin deficient mice. These differences might be due to different regulating effects of SRR and WRR on the metabolome and gut microbiota.

Boosting the Thermoelectric Performance of the Doped DPP-EDOT Conjugated Polymer by Incorporating an Ionic Additive.

The thermoelectric (TE) performance of organic materials is limited by the coupling of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Herein a new strategy is reported to boost the Seebeck coefficient of conjugated polymer without significantly reducing the electrical conductivity by incorporation of an ionic additive DPPNMe3 Br. The doped polymer PDPP-EDOT thin film exhibits high electrical conductivity up to 1377 ± 109 S cm-1 but low Seebeck coefficient below 30 µV K-1 and a maximum power factor of 59 ± 10 µW m-1 K-2 . Interestingly, incorporation of small amount (at a molar ratio of 1:30) of DPPNMe3 Br into PDPP-EDOT results in the significant enhancement of Seebeck coefficient along with the slight decrease of electrical conductivity after doping. Consequently, the power factor (PF) is boosted to 571 ± 38 µW m-1 K-2 and ZT reaches 0.28 ± 0.02 at 130 °C, which is among the highest for the reported organic TE materials. Based on the theoretical calculation, it is assumed that the enhancement of TE performance for the doped PDPP-EDOT by DPPNMe3 Br is mainly attributed to the increase of energetic disorder for PDPP-EDOT.

Combustion Characteristic Prediction of a Supercritical CO2 Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Based on Adaptive GWO-SVM.

The development of a new and efficient supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) power cycle system is one of the important technical ways to break through the bottleneck of coal power development, improve the efficiency of power generation, and realize energy saving and emission reduction. In order to simplify the complicated workload and save the huge time cost of numerical simulations on combustion characteristics, it is of great significance to accurately make the combustion characteristic prediction according to the operating performance of the S-CO2 CFB boiler. This study proposed a combustion characteristic prediction model corresponding to the S-CO2 CFB boiler based on the adaptive gray wolf optimizer support vector machine (AGWO-SVM). The parameters of the gray wolf optimizer algorithm were processed adaptively first combined with the boiler characteristics, and then the adaptive gray wolf optimizer algorithm was integrated with the support vector machine to solve the imbalance of local and global search problems of particles being easy to gather in a certain position in the process of pattern recognition. The novel method effectively predicts the boiler in the scaling process from the aspect of boiler capacity, optimizes the combustion characteristic expression by numerical simulations, greatly saves time cost and applicability of enlarged design by altering complex numerical simulations, and lays the application foundation of the S-CO2 CFB boiler in the industrial field with acceptable operation accuracy.

Self-Doping Naphthalene Diimide Conjugated Polymers for Flexible Unipolar n-Type OTFTs.

The development of high-performance organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) materials is vital for flexible electronics. Numerous OTFTs are so far reported but obtaining high-performance and reliable OTFTs simultaneously for flexible electronics is still challenging. Herein, it is reported that self-doping in conjugated polymer enables high unipolar n-type charge mobility in flexible OTFTs, as well as good operational/ambient stability and bending resistance. New naphthalene diimide (NDI)-conjugated polymers PNDI2T-NM17 and PNDI2T-NM50 with different contents of self-doping groups on their side chains are designed and synthesized. The effects of self-doping on the electronic properties of resulting flexible OTFTs are investigated. The results reveal that the flexible OTFTs based on self-doped PNDI2T-NM17 exhibit unipolar n-type charge-carrier properties and good operational/ambient stability thanks to the appropriate doping level and intermolecular interactions. The charge mobility and on/off ratio are fourfold and four orders of magnitude higher than those of undoped model polymer, respectively. Overall, the proposed self-doping strategy is useful for rationally designing OTFT materials with high semiconducting performance and reliability.

Semiconducting Conjugated Coordination Polymer with High Charge Mobility Enabled by "4 + 2" Phenyl Ligands.

Electrically conductive coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks are attractive emerging electroactive materials for (opto-)electronics. However, developing semiconducting coordination polymers with high charge carrier mobility for devices remains a major challenge, urgently requiring the rational design of ligands and topological networks with desired electronic structures. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for synthesizing high-mobility semiconducting conjugated coordination polymers (c-CPs) utilizing novel conjugated ligands with D2h symmetry, namely, "4 + 2" phenyl ligands. Compared with the conventional phenyl ligands with C6h symmetry, the reduced symmetry of the "4 + 2" ligands leads to anisotropic coordination in the formation of c-CPs. Consequently, we successfully achieve a single-crystalline three-dimensional (3D) c-CP Cu4DHTTB (DHTTB = 2,5-dihydroxy-1,3,4,6-tetrathiolbenzene), containing orthogonal ribbon-like π-d conjugated chains rather than 2D conjugated layers. DFT calculation suggests that the resulting Cu4DHTTB exhibits a small band gap (∼0.2 eV), strongly dispersive energy bands near the Fermi level with a low electron-hole reduced effective mass (∼0.2m0*). Furthermore, the four-probe method reveals a semiconducting behavior with a decent conductivity of 0.2 S/cm. Thermopower measurement suggests that it is a p-type semiconductor. Ultrafast terahertz photoconductivity measurements confirm Cu4DHTTB's semiconducting nature and demonstrate the Drude-type transport with high charge carrier mobilities up to 88 ± 15 cm2 V-1 s-1, outperforming the conductive 3D coordination polymers reported till date. This molecular design strategy for constructing high-mobility semiconducting c-CPs lays the foundation for achieving high-performance c-CP-based (opto-)electronics.

Potential risk of eutrophication in the deepest lake of Southwest China: Insights from phosphorus enrichment in bottom water.

Large deep lakes in plateau regions provide crucial ecosystem services but are susceptible to eutrophication due to their long water residence time. To date, the water quality of deep lakes has not received as much attention as that of shallow lakes owing to logistical challenges. This study investigated the seasonal variation and vertical distribution of phosphorus and related environmental variables in a large deep lake in the Yunnan Plateau, China (Fuxian Lake). Generally, the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP, R2 = 0.862), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP, R2 = 0.922), and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP, R2 = 0.889) exhibited a linear increase with the greater water depth, whereas the pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) showed decreasing trends. The TP, TDP, and DIP values were 0.012, 0.006, and 0.004 mg/L, respectively, in surface waters (0.5 m depth), and increased to 0.074, 0.065, and 0.062 mg/L, respectively, at 140.0 m depth. The averaged over ordering method demonstrated that DO and air temperature accounted for a higher proportion of the explained variance of TP, TDP, and DIP in the shallow water layer (0.5-20.0 m). In contrast, DO and pH accounted for a higher proportion of the explained variance of TP, TDP, and DIP in deeper water layers (40.0-150.0 m). As a warm monomictic lake, the higher observed phosphorus concentrations in deeper water and sediment potentially pose a risk of future eutrophication in the Fuxian Lake. Our findings demonstrate that more efficient technical and management measures should be taken to reduce the external phosphorus load to Fuxian Lake, so that the load to and from the sediment will decrease eventually.

Belowground seed and bud banks play complementary roles in the potential recruitment of dominant macrophyte communities in a Yangtze River-connected floodplain wetland.

Both seed and bud banks play important roles in the recruitment and maintenance of macrophyte communities; however, few studies have investigated them simultaneously. We investigated the abundance, species composition, and seasonal patterns of seed and bud banks in two dominant macrophyte communities, Carex and Miscanthus, in the Dongting Lake wetlands. The seed densities of both communities were lower from November (after flooding) to March and increased dramatically before flooding (in May). The bud densities of the two dominant communities peaked in the coldest month of the year (January), decreased markedly in March, and were the lowest before flooding. The seed banks of the two macrophyte communities were mainly composed of annual species and a few perennial species, whereas the bud banks were composed of only dominant perennials. Furthermore, the perennial species present in bud banks did not occur in seed banks. Among the soil variables, the bud densities of both plant communities were negatively associated with soil bulk density, whereas the seed density of the Miscanthus community was positively associated with soil bulk density. Our results suggest that seed and bud banks are complementary in the potential recruitment of macrophyte communities; that is, bud banks regulate the demography of dominant perennials, and seed banks contribute to the recruitment and dispersal of annual species. Given the high abundance of annuals and near absence of the most dominant perennials in the seed bank, the bud banks of dominant perennial species should be more widely used in wetland restoration and management.

A one-dimensional conductive metal-organic framework with extended π-d conjugated nanoribbon layers.

Conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have performed well in the fields of energy and catalysis, among which two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) MOFs are well-known. Here, we have synthesized a one-dimensional (1D) conductive metal-organic framework (MOF) in which hexacoordinated 1,5-Diamino-4,8-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraceneedione (DDA) ligands are connected by double Cu ions, resulting in nanoribbon layers with 1D π-d conjugated nanoribbon plane and out-of-plane π-π stacking, which facilitates charge transport along two dimensions. The DDA-Cu as a highly conductive n-type MOF has high crystalline quality with a conductivity of ~ 9.4 S·m-1, which is at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional 1D MOFs. Its electrical band gap (Eg) and exciton binding energy (Eb) are approximately 0.49 eV and 0.3 eV, respectively. When utilized as electrode material in a supercapacitor, the DDA-Cu exhibits good charge storage capacity and cycle stability. Meanwhile, as thse active semiconductor layer, it successfully simulates the artificial visual perception system with excellent bending resistance and air stability as a MOF-based flexible optoelectronic synaptic case. The controllable preparation of high-quality 1D DDA-Cu MOF may enable new architectural designs and various applications in the future.